Windows is a very big and highly configurable operating-system. Generally, most settings could be managed via the settings app or the user interface. However, when it comes to some of the advanced settings like blocking driver updates or disabling Cortana, you're forced to make use of the Group Policy Editor. The good thing is, the group policy editor is quite easy to use and it has a ton of options to micromanage various areas of Windows.

After painstakingly configuring the audience policy settings, it is common that you want to back it up. The back up allows you to restore the audience policy settings whenever needed, like whenever you reinstall Windows. In this quick post, allow me to demonstrate how you can support group policy settings in Windows 10 and restore it when needed.

Note: Before proceeding, select a folder or drive where you'd like to store the backup. Usually of thumb, choose a folder that isn't in the OS installation driver, i.e. C drive.

Backup Group Policy Settings

To backup Windows 10 group policy settings, all you have to do is copy a few folders to the backup destination. In fact, the operation is much like backing up the Thunderbird profile. Just follow the below steps and you'll be golden.

1. First, open the file explorer by pressing the keyboard shortcut Win + I or by clicking on the file explorer icon on the taskbar.

2. Within the file explorer, copy the below path, paste it in the address bar and press Enter. This action will take you to the System32 folder in your C drive.
C:\Windows\System32\

3. Automatically, the folder we're searching for is hidden. To unhide the folder, click the "View" tab appearing towards the top of the file explorer and then choose the "Hidden items" checkbox.

4. Now, scroll down until you find a folder named "GroupPolicy" and double-click on it to spread out it. Once opened, you will see a couple of folders and files. Based on what changes you made, you might see different files or folders. So, don't worry if your folders and files didn't match the below image.
Note: If you don't use whatever folders then it's entirely possible that the body has no modified group policy settings. In that case then there's you don't need to backup group policy settings.

5. Select all of the files and folders using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A and duplicate all of them with Ctrl + C.

6. After copying the files and folders, visit the destination folder and paste them with the Ctrl + V shortcut. For example, I created a new folder called "Group Policy Backup" within the cause of my D drive and pasted the copied files there.

That's it. You're done copying the Windows 10 group policy objects. As you can tell, it is simply copying a bunch of folders and files.

Restore Group Policy Settings

When you wish to restore the group policy backup, all you have to do is copy the backed up files and folders and paste them within the original folder.

1. First, open the file explorer and visit the location where you've stored the supported group policy settings. When you are here, select all of those files, right-click, and select "Copy".

2. Now, visit C:\Windows\System32\GroupPolicy\ folder and press Ctrl + V keyboard shortcut to paste the earlier copied files and folders. You might see a "Replace or Skip Files" prompt. Click the "Replace the files in the destination" option.

3. As this is a system folder, Windows 10 can have the access denied prompt. Simply select the "Do this for those current items" checkbox and then click the "Continue" button. This course of action will copy the supported files.

4. Finally, reboot the body and also the Group Policy settings will be restored.

That's it. It's that simple to backup and restore group policy settings in Windows 10.

Windows automatically results in a dedicated home/profile folder for every user account you create. By default, the specific account folder is the same as the username. Since the home folder contains all the user-specific folders like pictures, documents, downloads, etc., Windows won't allow you to easily change the folder name as you wish. If you ever wish to, here's stick to the below steps to rename user profile folder in Windows 10.

Basically, you will find four major what exactly you need to complete. That's, produce a local administrator account, rename the user account, rename the user profile folder, and lastly, map the renamed folder to the user account using the registry editor.

Just follow the below steps out of the box and also the folder will be renamed in a couple of minutes.

Caution: Before proceeding, produce a system restore point. This helps you restore Windows should you mess up anything.

Steps to Rename Account Folder

Though the process of renaming the home folder is fairly simple, there are a number of steps. So, to create things simpler for you, I've divided the steps into four major sections.

1.1 Create a New Local Administrator Account

While you are logged to your user account, you can't rename your personal account folder. This is correct even if you are the administrator. As a result, we need to create another local administrator account. Once created, we will use that account to create all of the necessary changes. Of course, you can enable hidden administrator account too but the below technique is recommended.

Note: Should you already have another local user account with administrator privileges then you can skip this.

Open the settings app and visit "Accounts -> Family & other users" page. Around the right panel, click the "Add someone else to this PC" button.
In case your PC comes with an active web connection, Windows 10 asks you to log into Microsoft account. Since you want to produce a local account, click on the "I do not have this person's sign-in information" link.
Within the next screen, click on the "Add a user without Microsoft account" link.
Now, enter a brand new username and password. Setup the security questions and click on the "Next" button.
The new user account will be created like a standard user. So, click on the user account in the settings app after which click on the "Change account type" button.
Select "Administrator" in the dropdown menu. Click "Ok" to save changes.
This is how it ought to look like in the settings app after changing the account type.
Reboot Windows.

1.2 Rename Old User Account

The user account name and also the home folder should have the same name. So, if you want to rename the home folder, you need to change the user account name too.

Log in to the new user account.
In the new user account, press Win + R, type lusrmgr.msc and click on the "Ok" button.
The above action will open the neighborhood Users and Group tool. Here, go to the "Users" folder, find your user account, right-click on it and select "Rename".
Type the brand new user name you want to provide the user account. With my case, I'm changing "WindowsLoop" to "WindowsLoopCOM".

1.3 Rename Windows Home Folder

Now, open file explorer and go to C:\Users. RIght-click on your account folder and select "Rename".
Type in the same name you utilized in step 11. With my case, the new name is "WindowsLoopCOM".

1.4 Map the Renamed Folder via Registry Editor

Next, press Win + R, type regedit and then click the "Ok" button. This action will open the registry editor.
In the registry editor, copy the below path, paste it in the address bar and press Enter. On the left panel, you will notice folders with long SID Strings.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList
Every user account in your system has its own folder with a unique SID string. So, click each SID string folder, take and check out "ProfileImagePath" value in the right panel and find out whether it corresponds to your profile folder.
When you found the target folder, double-click around the "ProfileImagePath" value. In the Edit Value window, enter the new profile folder name and then click the "Ok" button.
This is how it should look like within the registry editor once you change the ProfileImagePath value.
Close the registry editor.
Reboot Windows.
Log to your regular user account also it ought to be functioning without any problems.

Just to test if everything is OK, I've downloaded just one file from the internet. Since everything was very successful, the downloaded file is saved in the Downloads folder of the renamed home folder.

Once everything is working fine, you can delete Windows user account you created earlier.

That's all. It is that simple to rename user profile folder in Windows 10.

Office Web Apps will provide web-based versions for desktop versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and even OneNote. Of course, storing and sharing Office documents on the Web is not a new thing. Previously, Microsoft's Office Live Workspace was able to save and manage documents online. However, Office Web Apps provide an advantage by allowing you to actually create and edit documents through a browser. Ultimately, Office Web Apps will inevitably replace Office Live Workspace.
Compared to the full set of functions provided in the desktop version, the editing commands in Web Apps only provide the most basic functions. However, these basic functions can help users more easily update documents and collaborate on the same documents.
Users can save their documents through the Windows Live SkyDrive service (Microsoft's free online storage area), and SkyDrive is completely an online storage site. SkyDrive can provide up to 250GB of free space, making it an ideal storage location for large files and documents that require online access but do not require synchronization. Enterprises using SharePoint can create repositories for these documents to store them internally on their SharePoint servers. Finally, companies using specific Microsoft online services such as SharePoint Online can store documents in the cloud.
Office Web Apps is currently a beta version. Before using Web Apps, you need to first install Office 2010 Beta. After installing Office 2010, you can start Word, Excel, or PowerPoint to try out Office Web Apps.
Take Word as an example. First, create or open a document in Word, and then click on the 'File' menu to access the Backstage. When using Office 2010 for the first time, you can quickly save and open documents and run other commonly used commands through Backstage. From the Backstage, click the 'Share' command, and then click 'Save to SkyDrive'. The system will prompt you to log in to SkyDrive using a Windows Live account.
Four default folders will be displayed - 'Photos',' Videos', 'Documents', and' Public Folder '. The first three folders store items for personal viewing only, while the 'public folder' contains files that you want to share with others. Double click on one of the folders, such as' Documents'. A common "Save As" dialog box will pop up, where you can choose the name and file format of the document, and then save it.
After saving the document to SkyDrive for the first time, you must log in directly to your SkyDrive account through your browser to accept the Web Apps usage agreement. In SkyDrive, select the 'Documents' folder, then select the document you just saved, and then click the' View 'command. A protocol will be displayed, and the document can only pop up in your browser after you accept it. After accepting the agreement, you can save and open online documents more smoothly.
After establishing a workspace through SkyDrive, you don't need to install Office 2010 locally to access documents. Through a browser, you can create, edit, view, delete, copy, move, rename, and download documents.
You can share documents with others through Web Apps, requiring you to send links to your documents to everyone via email. Users with Windows Live accounts and access rights can view and edit these shared documents online.
Web Apps can only run in environments with Internet Explorer 7 and 8 installed; Firefox 3.5 or higher is required to be installed on Windows, Linux, and Mac; Safari 4.0 or higher is also required to be installed on the Mac.

Office is Microsoft's flagship product, and the latest version brings many features and different office experiences. The Professional Enhanced Edition of Office has the most functional components, including Word, Excel, Access, Powerpoint, Outlook, Publisher, Skype for Business, and OneDrive for Business. It extensively integrates the functions needed in daily life, as well as its innovative online icon insertion, ink writing, new functions, and horizontal page flipping The eight major functions of Chinese Hanyi font library, immersive learning, multi monitor display optimization, and label switching animation effects help work more efficiently and conveniently.
Installation Tutorial
Firstly, your computer must meet the minimum requirements of Microsoft Office for computers, and it is best not to have other versions of Office on your computer. If there are other versions of Office, please uninstall the previous version of Office in the control panel first.
After the Microsoft Office download is completed, as shown in the figure above, it is a CD image file. Click the right mouse button → Open Method → Windows Explorer.
2. Then double-click on the red Setup.exe running file to directly install it! The following is a waiting process for installation.
3. After installation, it will not automatically create shortcuts. We can find all the installed Office 2019 program components from the Start menu.
Activation steps
1. Open any component of Office 2019 (Access, Excel, PowerPoint, or Word), click on File ->Account ->Change License in the top left corner, and a box for entering the product key will pop up. After entering the Office activation key, click on "Activate Office".
2. Then, close Word and reopen it. The wizard window will be prompted to activate, select "I want to activate the software through phone call", click Next, as shown in the following figure, and then proceed to the next step.
3. Step 2 of the activation wizard page: Send the installation ID below to the office Chinese website customer service, and we will help you submit your installation ID to the product center. Please be patient and wait!
4. After the verification is successful, I will inform you that you click on "Back" and select "I would like to activate the software through the Internet"
5. Then click "Next" and wait for a moment. The activation wizard will display that the replica has been activated.
Office 2019 Professional Plus provides a complete toolset for individual and team productivity, connecting users to critical business processes. The all-new Office 2019 provides cross application functionality to help users create amazing content in a shorter amount of time. Some new features include a movie presentation with new features such as deformation and scaling in PowerPoint 2019. More powerful data analysis in Excel 2019 (such as new formulas, new charts, and Power BI integration). The new and improved ink writing features in applications in Windows, such as roaming pencil boxes, pressure sensing, and tilting effects, allow you to naturally create documents.
Create, showcase, communicate, and publish professional looking documents using Office Professional Plus 2019. Take a brand new spin on your favorite productivity tool, and you will start running with familiar but enhanced features in Word, Excel, Access, Lync programs, PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, Publisher, Access, Skype for Business.
Word 2019 and Outlook 2019 can help you focus on the most important things. Learning tools such as reading aloud and text spacing make it easier for you to participate in your content. Focus mode can prevent interference and prioritize your content. Focused Inbox moves less important emails away, allowing you to handle business directly.
Office 2019 Professional Plus also includes advanced features such as archiving emails directly from Outlook and Exchange data loss protection. Use Inquire to scan spreadsheets for errors and inconsistencies in Excel and Power Pivot. Integrate with Windows Rights Management Service (RMS) of Windows Server. Website email: Access project related emails in Exchange and documents in SharePoint, all from Outlook and others.
Office 2019 specifically uses point-and-play technology, so customers can benefit from modern deployment technologies, thereby reducing costs and improving security. Advantages include predictable monthly security updates, the latest applications during installation, and reduced network consumption through Windows 10 download optimization technology.

The embryonic form of foreign IPTV business can be traced back to 1985. At that time, several telecommunications companies in the United States (GTE, Ameritech, and Bell Atlantic) conducted experiments on video transmission over fiber optic and DSL. However, due to the fact that the services provided by these companies were not significantly different from those of cable television companies, the video services of telecommunications companies did not become mainstream.
The real starting point for the development of IPTV business should be the IPTV business launched by Video Networks in the UK in 1999. Afterwards, many foreign telecom operators have successively entered the IPTV market. The main driving factors are technological progress and the expansion of market demand: (1) the advancement of IPTV's key technology - video compression technology, which enables video programs to achieve higher picture quality with lower bitstreams; (2) The development of global broadband networks has provided a reliable and stable path for the transmission of IPTV services; (3) The rapid development of broadband access in the world has solved the last mile bottleneck problem in IPTV service provision; (4) Telecom operators have been vigorously developing broadband, but have not received sufficient profits from it, and the profitability of broadband is still limited to the collection of access fees; (5) The opening up of the telecommunications market has led to an increasing number of new entrants entering the telecommunications market through the relaxation of regulatory policies, especially cable television operators entering the telecommunications market, providing users with "triple play" services with existing television services and new telecommunications services. This measure has created a strong sense of crisis for telecommunications operators, who urgently need to find innovative services to improve ARPU and enhance user stickiness; (6) The prosperity of broadband access has not brought prosperity in content services, and most of the business and applications on broadband networks are still in the narrow band period, and the consumption needs of broadband users are far from being met.
Overview of IPTV Market Development
The operators deploying IPTV services are mainly concentrated in Europe, America, and some countries and regions in the Asia Pacific region. Telecom operators usually use high-speed DSL or FTTP technology to provide IPTV services to users. By the end of 2004, the two largest operators with the highest number of IPTV users were FastWeb in Italy and PCCW in Hong Kong, China.
1. North America
In the North American IPTV market, traditional Canadian telecommunications companies are at the forefront. Manitoba Telecom (MTS) and SaskTel have already opened IPTV services using VDSL and ADSL, and Telus and Canadian Bell also plan to enter this market in 2005.
From the perspective of user development, as of September 2004, the number of IPTV users of Canadian telecommunications operators was approximately 50000, accounting for about 2% of the total number of television users in Canada. It is expected that by the end of 2006, the number of IPTV users will reach 250000, with a user market share of 17%, and its market share will steadily increase.
Compared with the Canadian IPTV market, the development process of the US IPTV market is relatively stable. In 2001, Qwest Communications took the lead in launching an IPTV service based on VDSL technology to users in the Phoenix region. Afterwards, numerous independent local operators in the United States actively carried out IPTV services on DSL networks and fiber optic networks within their service areas. Since 2005, the three major RBOCs in the United States - SBC, Southern Bell, and Verizon - have also started deploying IPTV services.
2. Europe
Many telecom operators in Europe also have a positive attitude towards IPTV business, especially FastWeb's success in IPTV business in Italy, which has changed the wait-and-see attitude of many operators. Almost all traditional European telecommunications operators have conducted IPTV experiments, with France Telecom being the most proactive and having already opened services in Lyon.
Belgium Telecom, Netherlands Telecom, Austria Telecom, and Norway Telecom are all conducting commercial experiments on IPTV.
3. Asia Pacific region
The development of broadband has greatly promoted the deployment of IPTV in the Asia Pacific region, and many telecom operators have entered the IPTV market. These telecom operators usually use DSL or fiber optic access technology to provide users with high-speed data, VoIP, and video services including digital television and video on demand. The better performing operators are PCCW in Hong Kong, China and Yahoo in Japan! BB。
Since early 2003, Yahoo! Since the opening of BB's multi-channel radio, television, and video on demand services in Tokyo, Yahoo! BB's television business is gradually integrating with its existing telephone and broadband services, which has driven the rapid growth of TVover DSL users.
PCCW in Hong Kong, China launched a DSL based digital television service in September 2003, with 367000 signed users by November 2004.
Business and Tariffs
The IPTV service not only expands the use of telecommunications terminals, but also expands the range of services that television terminals can support, covering a very wide range of services. IPTV can provide services mainly including television services, communications services and various value-added service. Specifically, television services refer to services related to television business, such as broadcasting and television, on-demand television, personal video recording, etc; Communication services mainly refer to voice services based on IP, instant messaging services, television short messages, etc; Value-added service refers to TV shopping, interactive advertising, online games, etc.
When foreign telecom operators enter the IPTV market, their preferred services are often television and VOD services. Some operators also provide a variety of value-added service, such as Canada's MTS, which provides interactive program navigation and call display that can be searched by topic or title, and has opened a TV portal, through which users can learn weather and other public information as well as channel information; FastWeb in Italy has opened the PVR (Personal Video Recording) service, which allows users to control live television through STB operations; Some operators also offer applications such as television commerce.
Foreign telecom operators mainly consider market affordability and investment in deploying IPTV services when pricing IPTV services. Due to the degree of market competition in their respective countries and regions, as well as the differences in network investment and operating costs among telecom operators, there are significant differences in IPTV service fees among them. The basic cost of IPTV services for Video Network in the UK is $65 per month (including 1Mbps broadband access), while for Yahoo in Japan! BB is $19 per month.
The difference in business fees also reflects the competitive strategy of operators when entering the IPTV market. Generally speaking, in countries with a high degree of market openness, in order to establish a competitive advantage against cable TV operators who have already entered the telecommunications market, maintain the loyalty of existing telecom business users, and reduce user disconnection rates, telecom operators often lower the pricing of IPTV services compared to existing market competitors when deploying IPTV services, and provide users with multiple business bundles to achieve greater discounts for users; In order to win users from competitors or cultivate users' habits of using pay TV, telecom operators often launch IPTV services at low prices. In the fiercely competitive pay-TV market in the UK, the IPTV service fee is generally between $20/month and $30/month, while in some European countries that are not yet accustomed to paying for television, the IPTV service of telecom operators is relatively low, such as Neuf IPTV service fee in France, which is less than $10/month.
Operation mode
In North America and some European countries with high levels of market competition, the government has gradually relaxed regulations on the mutual entry of cable television and telecommunications operations, allowing them to penetrate each other, providing opportunities for cable television operators to enter the telecommunications industry.
In response to the competitive situation where cable TV operators provide users with a fusion of cable TV services, broadband access, and telephone services, many telecom operators in Europe and America have also begun to deploy video services mainly focused on television. They have also launched a triple play business model that integrates IPTV, broadband access, and telephone services in the telecommunications field, in order to maintain a more favorable position in the new form of competition.
Therefore, foreign telecom operators often carry out IPTV services in a triple play mode. The Triple play model reflects the close connection between operators and users, and operators can provide users with three types of services simultaneously; Users can use services through the same terminal or different terminals in the home network.
Triple play brings discounts on pricing to users. The bundled services of MTS TV and DSL provided by MTS in Canada have a 12.5% reduction in fees compared to the sum of the two business fees. The Triple play model has greatly promoted the development of IPTV, while also bringing sustained growth in ARPU to operators. About 60% of residential users of SureWest, a small independent telecommunications company in California, USA, have ordered triple play.

In some abnormal situations, Office 2016 or Office 365 may not be able to be uninstalled by adding or removing programs. You can manually uninstall them using the following methods. The tutorial comes from Microsoft. Friends who encounter similar problems may want to give it a try.
1. Remove installation package
Open the Office 365 installation folder, usually C: Program Files for 32-bit systems and C: Program Files for 64-bit systems (x86)\
Remove installation folder, Microsoft Office 16 or Microsoft Office
2. Delete scheduled tasks
Open the Command Prompt with administrator privileges. The program is usually located in Start Menu>Accessories
Execute the following commands in sequence
schtasks.exe /delete /tn “\Microsoft\Office\Office Automatic Updates”
schtasks.exe /delete /tn “\Microsoft\Office\Office Subscription Maintenance”
schtasks.exe /delete /tn “\Microsoft\Office\Office ClickToRun Service Monitor”
schtasks.exe /delete /tn “\Microsoft\Office\OfficeTelemetryAgentLogOn2016”
schtasks.exe /delete /tn “\Microsoft\Office\OfficeTelemetryAgentFallBack2016”
3. End the Click To Run process
Right click the blank space of the taskbar, select Task Manager, and switch to the process (or details) tab
If you find the following process, right-click and select End Process
Officeclicktorun.exe
OfficeC2RClient.exe
appvshnotify.exe
setup*.exe
4. Delete Office Services
Open the Command Prompt with administrator privileges, and execute:
sc delete Clicktorunsvc
5. Delete Office related files
Press Windows and R simultaneously to open the Run dialog box
Enter% ProgramFiles% and confirm to delete Microsoft Office 16 and the Microsoft Office folder;
Enter% ProgramFiles (x86)% and confirm to delete the Microsoft Office folder;
Enter% CommonProgramFiles% Microsoft Shared and confirm to delete the ClickToRun folder;
Enter% ProgramData% Microsoft and confirm to delete the ClickToRun folder;
Enter% ProgramData% Microsoft office and confirm to delete the ClickToRunPackagerLocker folder.
6. Delete Registry
Press Windows and R simultaneously to open the Run dialog box, enter regedit and confirm
Locate the following registry key and delete it:
HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\ClickToRun
HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\AppVISV
HKEY_ LOCAL_ MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Microsoft Office *
HKEY_ CURRENT_ USER\Software\Microsoft\Office
7. Delete Start Menu Shortcut
Press Windows and R simultaneously to open the Run dialog box, enter% ALLUSERSPROFILE% Microsoft Windows Start Menu Programs, and confirm
Delete Microsoft Office 16 folders and related shortcuts.
8. Uninstall other components
Open the Command Prompt with administrator privileges
For Office 2016 running x86 version on x64 operating system, run:
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008F-0000-1000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0000-0000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0409-0000-0000000FF1CE}
For Office 2016 running x86 version on x86 operating system, run:
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-007E-0000-0000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0000-0000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0409-0000-0000000FF1CE}
For Office 2016 running x64 version on x64 operating system, run:
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-007E-0000-1000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0000-1000-0000000FF1CE}
MsiExec.exe /X{90160000-008C-0409-1000-0000000FF1CE}
9. Others
Of course, you can also use the Office 2016 uninstallation tool provided by Microsoft.

The European region is the earliest, relatively fast and mature region for IPTV business development. A detailed analysis of the IPTV business carried out by telecom operators in various European countries reveals that although they consider IPTV business as a new revenue increasing channel, they have their own strengths in the specific deployment and promotion process when launching television business based on the national conditions and characteristics of each country. The various forms of business structure design, flexible and variable tariff standards, and a wide range of content provision all provide a good reference and reference for telecom operators to carry out IPTV business.
Years and major operators of IPTV market entry in some European countries and regions
britain:
British Telecom officially launched the BTVision service in December 2006, which combines the convenience of traditional television services with the interactivity of broadband services. Customers can choose TV programs according to their time and preferences. BTVision provides users with 30 free channels, including popular channels such as famous animation, National Geographic, and entertainment; The entertainment library provides a large number of movies, comedies, and music for video on demand; Video programs can be played back at any time; Customers who choose BT for all broadband services can receive a free £ 199 set-top box that provides 80 hours of storage space and supports high-definition TV formats. BTVision does not charge a monthly rental fee, but customers are required to pay £ 60 installation fee and £ 30 connection fee for BTVision business. The first batch of connected users for BTVision was 50000, and BT plans to provide services to 600000 users one year after its business launch. According to a recent survey released by ScreenDigest, the UK IPTV market is expected to experience its largest growth in 2007, and by the end of this year, UK IPTV subscribers will reach 2.5 times their current level.
In terms of content provision, BT actively collaborates with major media companies. BT has signed contracts with Warner Records in the United States, EMAP in the UK, Sony BMG, and others to obtain authorization to use music videos in IPTV services. In addition, BT has signed a contract with interactive product company Bidirectional Television to provide gaming channels for users. BT Telecom plans to launch sports professional services through a partnership with Setanta Sports Channel in the summer of 2007.
Germany:
In August 2006, Deutsche Telekom launched the T-Home three in one service. This business includes video on demand, single price broadband access and network phone, 60 free TV channels, as well as other paid channels and video recording. Deutsche Telekom stated that the price of the packaged service ranges from 60.84 to 90.84 euros. Deutsche Telekom focuses on enriching its content resources, including signing contracts with several major film producers.
At present, Deutsche Telekom has installed high-speed broadband networks based on VDSL technology in 10 major cities, providing T-Home services on top of this, with 3 million households covered by this service. The company's plan is to promote T-Home to 40 other cities through the promotion of the "three in one" feature, covering 6 million households.
At the beginning of 2007, Deutsche Telekom announced that it would invest 3 billion euros in the next few years to develop fiber optic access networks in Germany, providing faster internet access services for residential users, and achieving the integration of high-definition television, wireless communication, and internet access. Deutsche Telekom plans to develop 1 million IPTV users by the end of 2007. To ensure the smooth achievement of this goal, T-Com has invested 500 million euros in the construction of VDSL broadband network infrastructure, connecting 10 major cities in Germany through the internet, allowing users to access 50Mbit/s of internet speed even through high-resolution television.
France:
France Telecom launched the MagneTV service at the end of 2003. This service requires the configuration of an ADSL modem, which can provide wireless internet access, video phone services, and can also connect to a digital TV set-top box to provide network access. France Telecom's IPTV business mainly provides real-time television and VOD.
Starting from the fourth quarter of 2005, France Telecom adjusted its business model and launched the "France Telecom TV Package" to provide users with a "one-stop" IPTV service. By June 2006, the service had covered most cities in France with over 300000 users. So far, the Ma SigneTV business has 2 million users.
According to a survey by ScreenDigest, IPTV subscribers across Europe will increase from 2.9 million last year to 5.6 million in 2007, and subscription fees will increase from 470 million euros to 1 billion euros. Among them, nearly a million new subscribers will come from France.
Italy:
Fastweb, an Italian fixed line operator, began operating its IPTV business in 2002. By June 2005, Fastweb had nearly 190000 IPTV users, becoming the largest IPTV operator in Europe and the world's first profitable IPTV operator.
One-third of Fastweb TV's revenue comes from video on demand services. Its television programs include 20 free channels, 40 paid channels, and numerous on-demand programs to choose from. It also provides a web-based program recording function, allowing users to record programs produced by major Italian broadcasting and television companies and watch them when they have free time. The program content of VOD is divided into 14 thematic channels, with over 700 Hollywood films and thousands of other programs available for on-demand broadcasting. Fastweb has also launched a series of music services, including on-demand music videos and a comprehensive collection of music works over the years. In addition, online games are also an important business. This service charges 5 euros per month. In addition to paying a basic broadband fee of 887 euros per year, IPTV users also need to spend an additional average of 315 euros per program subscriber on the TV program.
Belgium:
Belgium Telecom has been conducting small-scale experiments on IPTV services since the end of 2004, investing a total of 300 million euros in fiber optic network construction. After preparing for the network and content, Belgian Telecom began to fully launch the BelgacomTV television service in September 2005. As of November 2005, BelgacomTV had 20000 users and provided over 60 TV programs. Belgium Telecom also collaborated with three major Hollywood production companies, DreamWorks, Paramount, and Warner Bros., to launch a video on demand service that includes over 300 movies. This brand has a classic+channel business, including 61 channels including BBC and Discovery, football and theme channels, and VOD business. At the same time, it can provide services such as PVR, time-shifted TV, interactive TV (opinion polls, voting, online games, etc.), TV online services (weather forecasts, astrology, real estate reports, SMS, government announcements, etc.), and parental control. The monthly fee is 9.95 euros. Belgian Telecom provides on-demand movie services through cooperation with film companies, ranging from 2 to 3.5 euros per film. At present, the number of IPTV service users of Belgium Telecom has reached 140000.

Office 2021 for Mac includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneDrive. The latest version of Office will come with new dark mode support, auxiliary function improvement, performance improvement for Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, excel dynamic array, XLOOKUP for Excel and other new functions.
word
Get tasks that are easier to complete, black themes, office sound, learning tool subtitles and audio instructions, text to speech conversion, improved ink functionality, accessibility improvements
Excel
Perform better data analysis, funnel and 2D maps, new Excel functions and connectors, publish Excel to PowerBI
Outlook
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IPTV is a business that utilizes broadband networks to provide users with interactive multimedia services, with its main characteristics being interactivity and real-time. Through IPTV services, users can receive high-quality digital media services and freely choose video programs on broadband IP networks, achieving substantial interaction between media providers and media consumers.
IPTV can provide services mainly including television services, communications services and various value-added service. Specifically, television services refer to services related to television business, such as broadcast television, on-demand television, personal video recording, etc; Communication services mainly refer to voice services based on IP, instant messaging services, television short messages, etc; Value-added service refers to TV shopping, interactive advertising, online games, etc.
IPTV integrates the relevant characteristics of traditional television and the Internet, so it can be seen as a combination of traditional television services and emerging telecommunications services. The IPTV service not only expands the use of terminals for telecommunications services, but also expands the range of services that television terminals can support. For traditional television operators, the emergence and development of IPTV is a huge challenge, while for telecommunications operators, deploying IPTV services to provide users with new applications and rich services will be an effective way to enhance competitiveness and profitability.
The main driving force for telecom operators to develop IPTV
The development of IPTV by telecom operators can not only promote the development of broadband access, but also increase revenue while reducing user disconnection rates. At the same time, it can also address the challenges from cable TV operators.
The development of broadband access requires strong support from businesses, and the existing narrowband services are far from meeting the needs of the broadband era. Exploring new ways of user growth and business volume growth has become an important issue that fixed network operators need to pay attention to when developing broadband access. Telecom operators urgently need to find new services that can attract users and consume bandwidth, and IPTV is the business that suits this demand.
The development of IPTV business can bring potential lucrative profits to operators. Due to the relative saturation of traditional voice services and the lack of sufficient attractiveness of simple data services, telecom operators urgently need to find new profit growth points. For operators, despite the rapid development of data services and the fact that the network traffic of data services has begun to exceed traditional voice, the ARPU crisis faced by telecom operators cannot be solved due to the low unit price of services and slow revenue growth. Telecom operators provide bundled services including video, which can increase per user revenue while cultivating user loyalty, which is beneficial for maintaining users and reducing offline rates. Research has shown that providing three types of business bundling can reduce the offline rate by 50% compared to only providing a single business, and by 25% compared to providing two business bundling.
In some countries and regions with high levels of market openness, governments have relaxed regulations on the entry of cable television into telecommunications operations, allowing them to penetrate each other, providing opportunities for cable television operators to enter the telecommunications industry. In this competitive situation, telecommunications companies are not willing to fall behind. In order to seize the opportunity in future competition, European and American telecommunications operating companies have begun to deploy video services mainly based on IPTV. Deploying triple play services bundled with IPTV services can enable telecom operators to establish a favorable competitive position against cable TV operators, cultivate market and user demand through IPTV and other video services, and increase their experience in video business operations.
Analysis of IPTV Service Market for Foreign Telecom Operators
Since Video Networks launched its IPTV service in 1999, many foreign telecom operators have entered the IPTV market one after another. From the perspective of global development, although telecom operators believe that IPTV is suitable for future development needs and have begun to deploy this business, due to the lack of sufficient operational experience in IPTV by telecom operators, the operating market is not yet mature, and the user market still needs to be cultivated. This business form is also subject to competition from traditional cable TV and satellite live TV, Therefore, overall, the development of IPTV is still in its infancy.
The operators deploying IPTV services are concentrated in Europe, America, and some countries and regions in the Asia Pacific region. Telecom operators typically use high-speed DSL or FTTP technology to provide IPTV services to users. By the end of 2004, the two largest operators with the highest number of IPTV users were FastWeb in Italy and PCCW in Hong Kong, China. These two companies had nearly 70% of the user market share in terms of television users.
In the IPTV market of North American telecommunications operators, traditional Canadian telecommunications companies are at the forefront. Manitoba Telecom (MTS) and SaskTel have already opened IPTV services in VDSL and ADSL networks, and Telus and Bell Canada also plan to enter this market in 2005. From the perspective of user development, as of September 2004, the number of IPTV users of Canadian telecommunications operators was about 50000, accounting for about 2% of the total number of television users. It is expected to reach 250000 users by the end of 2006, and their market share will steadily increase, accounting for 17%.
Compared with the Canadian IPTV market, the development process of the US IPTV market is relatively stable. Large American telecommunications companies SBC and Quest initially chose to collaborate with satellite television companies to provide IPTV services in the form of reselling satellite broadcast television services. Numerous independent local operators in the United States are also actively conducting IPTV services on DSL and fiber optic networks in their territories.
Many telecom operators in Europe also have a positive attitude towards IPTV business, especially FastWeb's success in IPTV business in Italy, which has changed the wait-and-see attitude of many operators. France Telecom has the most positive attitude and has already opened its business in Lyon, with plans to open its business in Paris in March 2005. Belgium Telecom, Netherlands Telecom, Austria Telecom, and Norway Telecom are all conducting commercial experiments on IPTV.
When foreign telecom operators enter the IPTV market, their preferred services are often live TV and on-demand TV. Some operators also provide a variety of value-added service. For example, Canada's MTS provides interactive program navigation and call display that can be searched by topic or title, and has opened a TV portal, through which users can get public information such as weather and channel information; TCC, a subsidiary of SK in South Korea, provides applications such as time-shifted television and television commerce.
Foreign operators often adopt a bundled service model when conducting IPTV business, which provides users with a triple service - triple play. This is a service model that integrates voice, high-speed internet access, and IPTV. This emerging service model reflects the close connection between operators and users, and operators can provide users with three types of services simultaneously; Users can use services through the same terminal or different terminals in the home network. Triple play is born in a new market environment, which can not only meet the needs of users for dialogue audio services, but also meet their needs for high-end business. More importantly, users can enjoy the tariff discounts brought by business bundling. The bundled services of MTS TV and DSL provided by MTS in Canada have a 12.5% reduction in fees compared to the sum of the two business fees. The Triple play model has greatly promoted the development of IPTV, while also bringing sustained growth in ARPU to operators. For example, about 60% of residential users of SureWest, a small independent telecommunications company in California, have ordered triple play, and the company's average monthly ARPU in 2003 reached around $103, with a user churn rate of only 2%.
Challenges for Operators Deploying IPTV
IPTV has begun to take off globally, and its development has been driven by both technological progress and market demand. Firstly, one of the key technologies of IPTV - the advancement of video compression technology, enables video programs to achieve higher picture quality with lower bitstreams; Secondly, the development of broadband networks by operators has provided a reliable and stable pathway for the transmission of IPTV services; Thirdly, telecom operators have vigorously deployed broadband access, but have not received sufficient profits from it, and the profitability of broadband is still limited to the collection of access fees; Finally, the prosperity of broadband access has not brought prosperity in content services. Most of the business and applications on broadband networks are still in the narrowband era, and the consumption needs of broadband users are far from being met. The above points indicate that the internal technical factors and external demand factors for the development of the IPTV market have basically matured.
However, for operators, deploying IPTV services involves many issues, such as the funding required for upgrading and renovating existing networks, the selection of operational and profit models when launching new businesses, and the competition faced by existing service providers when entering new fields. Overall, the determination of business models, the presence of market competition, and the lack of video content are the main challenges faced by telecom operators when deploying personal video services mainly focused on digital television.
(1) It is unclear whether triple play, which integrates IPTV, high-speed data, and voice services, can reverse the trend of declining revenue for telecom operators. Although some companies have achieved success in using triple play in IPTV operations, the suitability of the triple play business model remains to be verified due to the complex industrial environment in which IPTV operates.
(2) Telecom operators are facing a complex market environment. Compared to cable and satellite television companies, as new entrants, telecom operators have limited market space and limited business price space in the initial stage. In Manitoba, Canada, Shaw Company launched the cable plus TV business as early as 1999, with a bundled service price of CAD 89.95 per month, which is CAD 20 higher than the bundled price of MTS's DSL plus TV launched four years later.
(3) The lack of content is also one of the challenges faced by telecom operators, especially in countries with low market openness, which is particularly prominent. Due to the lack of control over program sources by telecom operators, obtaining content that can attract users is also one of the key issues that operators need to solve when deploying IPTV.
(4) Due to the fact that foreign operators who have entered the television market only conduct business locally and on a small scale, with a small number of users, there are no examples of providing IPTV applications to large-scale users on the telecommunications broadband network. This is also a problem that operators should carefully consider. The bandwidth requirements of IPTV services far exceed those of existing voice and data services, and there are strict requirements for other indicators such as channel switching delay and QoS. How to ensure that users can watch programs of comparable quality to the current cable television network is an important issue that operators need to solve.
Telecom operators face many risks and challenges when entering the IPTV market. How to respond to and mitigate risks is an important guarantee for operators to achieve success in the IPTV field. Drawing on the operational experience of foreign operators, the following countermeasures can be summarized: first, conduct research on the market environment, including national regulatory policies, market size, user needs, user cultural habits, potential profits, etc., and comprehensively analyze these research information. At the same time, analyze competitors to develop a timetable and operational model for deploying IPTV; Secondly, unify the planning of business and network, which includes two aspects: business definition and pricing. The rationality of business planning directly affects the number of users and overall income. Network planning should be combined with business planning and carried out uniformly. Due to the high bandwidth requirements of video services, operators should first consider upgrading the network to support the implementation of multiple business combinations after planning their business; Finally, operators should seek cooperation with content providers and establish a reasonable cooperation model.
The Future Development of IPTV
IPTV business closely connects communication oriented and content oriented businesses, and the combination of these two types of businesses requires deep cooperation between two independent markets - the telecommunications market and the media market. Only with rich content and strong network support can IPTV business achieve rapid development. Since 2004, dozens of telecom operators worldwide have entered the IPTV market, and by the end of 2004, the global number of IPTV users had exceeded 1 million. In the next two to three years, IPTV business will enter a stage of scale development, and the number of users will continue to grow. According to In Stat/MDR company predictions, by 2008, telecom operators' IPTV services will cover over 75 million households worldwide, with actual global users reaching 14 million.
In the early stages of IPTV development, the IPTV business provided by operators mainly focused on live television, on-demand television and other television services. With the growth of the IPTV market, the applications provided by operators will become more diverse. Users can access value-added services such as TV shopping and games, as well as communication services such as voice, instant messaging, and TV SMS through TV.

Microsoft has released the latest internal preview build update for Windows 10 (Insider Preview Build 21337).
The announcement introduced many new features, such as support for reordering and customizing virtual desktops, support for automatic HDR preview on the PC side, and update of File Explorer layout.
In addition to the new features mentioned above, I believe that the following new change is more popular among developers - Windows Terminal will become a built-in application pre installed on Windows 10, becoming a very user-friendly application like 'Notepad'. After all, if you need to use Windows Terminal now, you need to install it from the Microsoft Store or download it from the GitHub release page. In contrast, for users, built-in is undoubtedly more convenient.
After becoming a built-in application, updates to Windows Terminal continue to be made through the Microsoft Store. This change is currently only available in the internal preview version, and we need to wait for it to be officially used.
Windows Terminal is a brand new, popular, and powerful command-line terminal tool. It contains many features that are highly sought after by the community, such as multi tab support, rich text, multilingual support, configurability, themes and styles, support for emoji and GPU based text rendering, and so on. At the same time, the terminal still meets our goals and requirements to ensure that it remains fast, efficient, and does not consume a large amount of memory and power.