When we talk about online streaming and OTT, we come across many terms, among which IPTV is one of them. We are undergoing a transition from traditional broadcasting modes such as cable or satellite television to streaming based on the Internet, and IPTV as a system will play an important role in this transitional stage.
Basically, customers are not as concerned about owning content as they are about accessing it. This is where IPTV appeared. Let's carefully study the exact meaning of IPTV, its working mode and architecture, the types of IPTV services, and the future of IPTV. So, what is IPTV?
IPTV refers to protocol television based on the Internet, where the Internet is used to provide live or on-demand television programs and videos. IPTV is a system in which digital television services are transmitted to subscribers through broadband or Internet connected media through Internet protocol technology. It is slightly different from the digital videos accessed by millions of users on websites or applications such as YouTube or Netflix, but it has ubiquitous universality. Unlike standard cable or satellite connections, in IPTV, multiple televisions can use a single subscription in a single home.
IPTV brings more advantages and convenience to viewers, allowing them to choose the programs they want to watch anytime, anywhere, without having to watch any live TV programs currently playing. To understand how IPTV differs from traditional television, let's compare traditional television viewing methods with IPTV - both cable and satellite can work by allowing users to "tune" to specific channels within the signal, while the fundamental difference is that the cable is connected through cable while the satellite is wireless (until it reaches your house). The main example of cable TV is Time Warner cable, which is transmitted through coaxial cable connections, while the example of satellite TV comes from providers like DirecTV, which is transmitted and transmitted to the audience through radio waves.
IPTV uses an Internet Protocol (IP) based network to transmit TV channels to users' set-top boxes. Unlike cable and Satellite Network, the Internet provides content by providing the same client server model that presents e-mail, websites, and other Internet based services. As we will further mention in this blog, IP or Internet protocol is a language used to transmit data packets between computers connected to the Internet network.
Consumers request and receive TV programs, and video content is transmitted to viewers through an Internet Protocol (IP) based network (rather than cable or satellite). IPTV does not transmit content in real-time like cables or satellites, but forgets the model through transmission. IPTV can store programs on servers at the transmission end, allowing users to request content anytime through the Internet.
Compared to traditional channel surfing, IPTV is very similar to browsing the internet. It only uses IP (Internet Protocol), which is a transmission mechanism used to transmit videos to viewers. When viewers click on any TV program or request a video, videos from different sources (servers) will be divided into packets and sent over the Internet. The video server transmits the program to an existing home through an internet connection through a fiber optic cable, sends a request, and puts the program back in.
In the past few years, IPTV has been continuously growing. The total number of global IPTV users has now exceeded the 130 million mark. As of the end of 2015, there was a net increase of 6 million subscribers in the past 24 months. On this basis, many young people will tailor their home IPTV usage to OTT services.

Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Student Edition
For many people, student life is a difficult time, so Microsoft wants to make you feel more relaxed. With Microsoft Office 2019 Home Student PC, you will have access to all classic applications that will help you succeed in school and achieve your goals.
With just one download, you can access classic applications including Excel, PowerPoint, and Word. These Microsoft Office 2019 home student PC applications are easy to use and add convenience to your studies.
This version provides you with all the tools needed to create documents and present presentations for your project and assignments. The all-new Office 2019 is suitable for students or families who work together and want to install typical Office applications on a Windows 10 PC so they can use them at home or school; This is their plan.
Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Student Edition is Word's non-interference mode. It provides better pivot tables for Excel and better graphics and support for PowerPoint's digital pencils. These are just a small part of the numerous adjustments and improvements made to the ancient Office. Although these are not significant upgrades to the suite, they may be a significant productivity boost for suitable users. You don't need to subscribe regularly to have unlimited access to your Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Student editions.
Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Student Edition for Windows
Office needs to be updated before activation
Step 1
In the bottom right corner, you will see a 'Office updates available' notification. Please click on the notification. (If you haven't seen the notification, it's not important because you can manually update it in the Office application when you go to the next step.)
Step 2
Click on 'Account'. You will see that your Office is currently not activated.
Step 3
Click on 'Update Options' and then select' Update Now 'from the drop-down menu. (This step may take a few minutes, depending on your network speed.)
Step 4
Subsequently, you will see a pop-up window, please click 'Continue' to close all Office applications that are still running.
Step 5
All Office applications will automatically close.
Step 6
After the application is closed, updates will be automatically installed. After the installation process is completed, restart the Office application and you will see that your Office account has been activated.

Office is Microsoft's flagship product, and the latest version brings many features and different office experiences. The Professional Enhanced Edition of Office has the most functional components, including Word, Excel, Access, Powerpoint, Outlook, Publisher, Skype for Business, and OneDrive for Business. It extensively integrates the functions needed in daily life, as well as its innovative online icon insertion, ink writing, new functions, and horizontal page flipping The eight major functions of font library, immersive learning, multi monitor display optimization, and label switching animation effects help work more efficiently and conveniently.
Installation Tutorial
Firstly, your computer must meet the minimum requirements of Microsoft Office for computers, and it is best not to have other versions of Office on your computer. If there are other versions of Office, please uninstall the previous version of Office in the control panel first.
After the Microsoft Office download is completed, as shown in the figure above, it is a CD image file. Click the right mouse button → Open Method → Windows Explorer.
2. Then double-click on the red Setup.exe running file to directly install it! The following is a waiting process for installation.
3. After installation, it will not automatically create shortcuts. We can find all the installed Office 2019 program components from the Start menu.
Activation steps
1. Open any component of Office 2019 (Access, Excel, PowerPoint, or Word), click on File ->Account ->Change License in the top left corner, and a box for entering the product key will pop up. After entering the Office activation key, click on "Activate Office".
2. Then, close Word and reopen it. The wizard window will be prompted to activate, select "I want to activate the software through phone call", click Next, as shown in the following figure, and then proceed to the next step.
3. Step 2 of the activation wizard page: Send the installation ID below to the office Chinese website customer service, and we will help you submit your installation ID to the product center. Please be patient and wait!
4. After the verification is successful, I will inform you that you click on "Back" and select "I would like to activate the software through the Internet",
5. Then click "Next" and wait for a moment. The activation wizard will display that the replica has been activated.
Office 2019 Professional Plus provides a complete toolset for individual and team productivity, connecting users to critical business processes. The all-new Office 2019 provides cross application functionality to help users create amazing content in a shorter amount of time. Some new features include a movie presentation with new features such as deformation and scaling in PowerPoint 2019. More powerful data analysis in Excel 2019 (such as new formulas, new charts, and Power BI integration). The new and improved ink writing features in applications in Windows, such as roaming pencil boxes, pressure sensing, and tilting effects, allow you to naturally create documents.
Create, showcase, communicate, and publish professional looking documents using Office Professional Plus 2019. Take a brand new spin on your favorite productivity tool, and you will start running with familiar but enhanced features in Word, Excel, Access, Lync programs, PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, Publisher, Access, Skype for Business.
Word 2019 and Outlook 2019 can help you focus on the most important things. Learning tools such as reading aloud and text spacing make it easier for you to participate in your content. Focus mode can prevent interference and prioritize your content. Focused Inbox moves less important emails away, allowing you to handle business directly.
Office 2019 Professional Plus also includes advanced features such as archiving emails directly from Outlook and Exchange data loss protection. Use Inquire to scan spreadsheets for errors and inconsistencies in Excel and Power Pivot. Integrate with Windows Rights Management Service (RMS) of Windows Server. Website email: Access project related emails in Exchange and documents in SharePoint, all from Outlook and others.
Office 2019 specifically uses point-and-play technology, so customers can benefit from modern deployment technologies, thereby reducing costs and improving security. Advantages include predictable monthly security updates, the latest applications during installation, and reduced network consumption through Windows 10 download optimization technology.

Definitely not. What is the significance of Microsoft Office's charging mechanism when I ask you to say this? Where is the source of Microsoft's high market value?
Furthermore, more and more computers are pre installed with Microsoft Office Home Student Edition at the factory. The activation process and interface of the latest shipped computers have undergone some changes compared to before. If you are the latest to purchase a computer, you can refer to this interface and process in this article.
be careful:
1. Newly purchased users must first connect to the internet to automatically activate Windows 10. It is recommended to activate the pre installed Office 2016 two hours later; If Office cannot be activated, it is recommended to restore the factory state with one click after backing up data. After confirming that Windows 10 has been activated, wait for two hours before reactivating Office for testing
2. The pre installed Office 2016 Family Student Edition must be activated within 6 months of system activation, otherwise it cannot be activated after the expiration date
3. The Home Student Edition will have the following versions of components (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote). Other components require contacting Microsoft to purchase other licenses.
Solution:
1. Firstly, confirm whether the system has been activated as genuine, as shown in the following figure:
2. If activated, please use online for 1 hour before opening Office for activation. When activating Office, run a Word, Excel, or PowerPoint document at will, or click on the Start menu and the Office program icon
3. After that, the office activation interface will pop up
4. Click Activate, then enter your Microsoft account and password to log in. If you do not have a Microsoft account, please click 'Create One' and remember this account
5. After logging into a Microsoft account, the settings for country, region, and language will pop up
6. After setting up, click Next and everything will be ready
7. After clicking to start using Word, check the activation status of Office, click on the file in the upper left corner, and select Account
8. The product information on the right shows that Office still needs to be activated, and the version is written as Office365, not Office2016 (please do not misunderstand and nervous here, normal, we need to click on "Activate Product" again)
9. After clicking on 'Activate Product', you will be prompted to log in to your Office account again. Please confirm if it is the same as the Microsoft account you previously logged in to, then click on 'Continue' and verify your account password
10. After successful login, the system will prompt that Office needs to be updated. You can directly click on the prompt box to update Office, or click on the Office Update option in the product interface
11. Afterwards, the office will start updating and prompt 'Save your work before continuing'. Click 'Continue'
12. After waiting for 4 to 5 minutes, reopening any Word, Excel, or PowerPoint will pop up the Office Activation Wizard and select Internet Activation
13. After clicking close, check the Office product activation information in the "Re file Account" section, indicating that Office has been successfully activated.
Note: The activation information displayed at this time is no longer the previous Office 365, but rather the Office Home and Student Edition 2016.

Plex is a very user-friendly home media management system that can make your cold movie and television folders very beautiful, and can be seamlessly used on multiple platforms. It is the preferred software for home NAS media management. But plex has a very powerful feature that is not well-known to everyone, which is its Live TV&DVR function. With this feature, you can turn your plex server into a multi-functional iptv server and record the programs you want to watch on any device at any time. With it, you can basically bid farewell to your set-top box. You may want to watch a variety show on Mango TV, but it happens to be busy at that time. You can record the program in the background by using plex's schedule in advance, and then watch the video when you have time. Of course, this feature is currently only available to plex pass members. If you are not a member, you can use IPTV to watch live TV, but there is no scheduled recording function.
1、 Download xteve
Plex's Live TV&DVR function originally meant to be able to tune digital TV signals, requiring hardware support. However, for ease of use, someone has developed an xteve to simulate digital TV tuners. As long as you have a streaming source for TV live streaming, you can use Plex to watch live broadcasts.
Select the version to download according to the system.
The downloaded compressed file only has one xteve service program file. Once opened, you can enable xteve settings.
2、 Prepare a live streaming source for m3u
There are many live streaming sources that can be found online, and the most stable method is to use the live streaming sources of your own broadband operator's set-top box. These sources are not encrypted, and as long as you grab the link to the live streaming source, you can use them stably for a long time. First, search online to see if other netizens have captured the corresponding live streaming sources of the operator in their province. If so, you can use them directly. If you can't find it, you can also try to find a crawling method online.
Simply put, my gripping method. I am using a mobile set-top box that allows me to watch live broadcasts as long as I am connected to a wireless network. Therefore, the idea I use to capture is to connect the set-top box to a hotspot that is opened by a laptop. This way, all connections to the set-top box will be made through the laptop's wireless network card. Then, I use the packet capturing tool Wireshark to capture network packets from the wireless network card, and use the remote control to replace all stations in the set-top box. Finally, I analyze the links to the HTTP protocol in the network packet, You can find the live streaming addresses of various TV stations. Just save these addresses in the format of the m3u source file in the m3u file.
Mobile live streaming address
This is some of the live stream links I captured. After capturing the stream, first open it on the computer using a vlc player to test if it is usable. If it is, it can also be used on plex.
After having the source, it is necessary to configure the station logo and program table information for the TV source http://epg.51zmt.top:8000/ This great god's website can obtain program schedule information and automatically generate m3u files with platform logos after uploading their own m3u files. You can also modify the logo file yourself, and the link after the logo in the m3u file is the logo image address.
3、 Configuration of xteve
Open the xteve. exe service and enter http://your IP: 34400/web/in the browser to enter the configuration side of xteve.
Set xteve configuration
There are two options for the source of EPG, which is actually the information source of the program schedule. If you choose PMS, plex will directly retrieve program information from your network source, http://epg.51zmt.top:8000/e.xml This address is a domestic program schedule path. If you choose the PMS option, plex will not be able to capture the logo image, and there will be a situation where plex's app cannot find which station is which. But this method is simple to configure, just set the m3u address in xteve and fill in the program source path in plex. Why is there no logo? The general logo is saved in an M3U file, but when reading the logo, plex does not directly read it in the M3U file, but in the XML file of the program source. The program source above only has program information and no logo information, so plex cannot generate an icon. If XEPG is used as an option, it is generated by the xteve software through network EPG information to generate a local new XML file. By setting it to include the program's logo information, plex obtains the logo and program table information. The following will focus on the configuration method of the xepg option. Many friends choose the xepg option and plex cannot search for channels because of configuration issues.
Decoder Settings
Settings for stream decoder
Because the default setting is the first option, the video is directly read from the original stream without passing through other software. However, due to various reasons such as the stream protocol, plex may experience tuning failure and cannot play. Many people encounter situations where plex can be found but cannot be released, because the first option is chosen here. The three items below are decoding streams using xteve, ffmpeg, and vlc. I chose vlc decoding and filled in the path address of vlc.exe in the VLC/CVLC Binary Path below. This way, the plex stream is the stream decoded by vlc, and as long as vlc can play plex, it can be played.
Fill in the path of the vlc player
After configuring the basic options, you need to configure the path of m3u in the playlist option.
Type selection m3u
Fill in the m3u file path
After joining, you can see the number of TV stations in the live stream source.
Next, set the source of the program list in the XML TV option
The final step is to associate the TV station with the program list in mapping, and only by setting plex correctly can programs be searched.
Open a TV station in mapping.
Name all TV stations according to this rule.
Some TV stations do not have corresponding TV station information in their program schedules, and each program schedule information cannot be duplicated. These TV stations can use virtual program schedules that select xteved.
Virtual Program List
After configuring all the TV stations, the settings for xteve are complete.
Set up the completed xteve interface
4、 Dvr settings for plex
Select Live TV&DVR in the plex settings and click on Set plex dvr. Manually enter the network address.
Click on 'Connect' to continue.
The searched channels will be displayed here. Click to continue
Choose to have an xmltv guide on your server
Fill in the XML file path
Continue all the way to the end, wait for plex to read the program list information, and then you can see the TV programs in the Live TV&DVR options on plex's homepage.
Plex Live Program
Just click on it to watch the live broadcast.
If you want to record that program, you can directly click on the small dot of the program to make an appointment for recording.
Record the program you want to watch regularly
I have created a new movie media library called Recorded TV Programs. Advanced options allow you to set information such as the quality of recorded videos.
Android app interface
Summary: The above is the method of using plex pass members and xteve to watch IPTV live streaming on the Windows platform. The setup process is relatively complex, but it is very convenient to use, and the timed recording function is very practical. Many people encounter situations during the configuration process where there is no platform logo, plex cannot read channels, or channels can be read but cannot be played. This article can be referred to for solutions. The versions on other platforms should be similar and have similar solutions.

We can define MS Office as an office suite for commercial purposes. It is a collection of multiple applications such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, and supports all versions of the Windows operating system.
There are two versions of Microsoft Office, MS Office and Microsoft 365MS Office, which are traditional and include basic MS office applications such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and documents.
Office 365 is the version of MS Office that you will use when you have an online account. Students, professionals, and business professionals around the world are widely using Microsoft. This office suite provides a good user experience with its latest version of Microsoft Office 2016.
Components of MS Office
Microsoft Office has more than five components that can help people complete daily tasks. They are:
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Access
Microsoft OneNote
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Word
MS Word is a document creation application with many templates, styles, and fonts. This is one of the most commonly used applications with many additional components that allow us to make changes as needed.
Copy and paste, find and replace, and reference are some functions of MS Office.
Microsoft Excel
MS Excel is a spreadsheet application with formatting options, pivot tables, functions, and formulas. With this application, we can create any type of document. This is also one of the most commonly used software for creating professional data-driven documents.
Microsoft PowerPoint
It is a presentation creation tool that allows us to enhance our conversation. With this application, we can conduct professional demonstrations. In short, it is used to create and deliver presentations and other business documents.
Microsoft PowerPoint has some automatically generated templates for presenting documents. You can also create animations for your documents through PPT, Slidechart, and add videos and audio.
Microsoft OneNote
Microsoft OneNote is an application for taking notes, capturing ideas, and saving them as records. We also use it to create charts and graphs or create classroom notes. It should be said that this is the most commonly used application in Microsoft Office after MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint.
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook is an email application that supports multiple email accounts, automatic replies, and message scheduling. This helps us stay in touch with others and effectively manage our communication.
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access is a database application that allows us to manage databases and create websites.
Experts in designing and maintaining databases use it. Although this is not the main application of MS Office, it has some basic functions such as drawing tables, form macros, and click forms.
Use of Microsoft Office
Microsoft Office is a tool used to create data-driven business documents. This includes many templates with different styles for creating reports, presentations, letters, and books.
MS office helps students create homework presentations, lecture notes, and documents filled with research information. Here are some other uses of MS Office:
1. Used for preparing data reports
Data reports are common assignments for students in courses such as business management, statistics, and mathematics.
If they use MS Word, they can create data demonstrations with a professional appearance. Students can use different styles and formats in MS Word to create reports with a professional appearance.
2. Help prepare the dashboard
This application helps students in IT, computer science, and web design courses create dashboards with the help of Microsoft Access and MS Excel. They can use this application to create detailed reports and then provide them to relevant authorities.
3. Data organization
One of the most important functions of MS Excel is to sort data. This is a very useful application for students preparing final papers, assignments, or project reports. MS Excel can be used to sort and analyze data based on different standards.
4. Reference
Quoting is not a common practice for students, but it is becoming a trend in the education industry.
Students now use MS Office as a tool for referencing and saving course assignments or project data. APA, MLA, and IEEE citation styles are widely accepted in the fields of education and business.
5. Macros
To achieve the advanced functionality of MS Office, we can use macros. Macros allow us to automatically perform various operations and functions. Business professionals and students also use macros in different fields to save time, money, and energy.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Microsoft Office
MS Office is a powerful office suite that can help us effectively complete daily tasks. But it also has its limitations. We can look for the advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft Office and compare it with other office suites such as Google, OpenOffice, LibreOffice, etc.
1. Easy to use
Due to its five different components, MS Office is suitable for both novice and advanced computer users. It also supports online connection, cloud storage facilities, etc. Therefore, it is widely used around the world.
2. Cost
MS Office is available at an affordable price. Students and professionals who have obtained degrees can use this application with the help of a Microsoft academic license. Small businesses can also use MS Office to create professional documents with a small budget.
3. Online support
A huge library is available on the Microsoft website. We can find different documents, blogs, tutorials, solution search engines, and more. We can also obtain direct responses to our inquiries from the online support team Microsoft.
4. Safety
MS Office is considered a very secure software. It is used by various industries such as banking, finance, and government. Therefore, it also has a security feature called intrusion detection system (IDS).
5. Support for multiple languages
The software supports different languages and character sets. We can use this application to create documents in different languages, such as English, Chinese, French, German, Italian, etc.
The Disadvantages of Microsoft Office Software
Previously, we discussed some advantages of MS Office, and here we will discuss some disadvantages of MS Office. Many people use this application for different purposes, but it is not the best choice for all purposes.
1. Slow performance
This application works as a large-scale software with various features and functions. Therefore, opening different files and launching applications takes time.
2. Compatibility issues
This software supports all the latest versions of operating systems, but sometimes it does not support older versions. If you are using an older version of the operating system, you may encounter some compatibility issues.
3. Bug issues
We all know that this software is not perfect. Sometimes we may encounter errors in the application, and sometimes it may cause us to encounter problems when opening certain files. An error means that the software has not been completed and still requires some upgrades.
4. Some advanced features are not available
The software has many advanced features, but some of them are not yet available. We need to wait for the developers to complete their development.
5. Troubleshooting
Sometimes we encounter some troubleshooting issues when using MS Office. We need to find solutions from different online blogs and forums. The software is not yet fully developed and sometimes requires some adjustments and patches.
6. Higher RAM usage
The Microsoft Office suite uses a large amount of RAM. This is the main reason why we do not recommend saving it on the same computer.
common problem
Can we use Microsoft Office for free?
Yes, it's not satisfactory either. You can use its cracked version. But you may face some privacy issues. So, it is not recommended. But you can use the free version of MS Office 365. Free trial for 30 days.
What are the features of MS Office?
documents creating
cartoon
Promotion Conference
Data analysis
database
Web Design
Form Design
Image editing
Template
Transcription
What are the features of MS Office?
E-mail
Spreadsheet
file
Desktop publishing
Presentation of speech
Why is Microsoft Office important?
Microsoft Office is very important for both students and professionals. It can help them create professional data-driven documents.
Before the emergence of MS Office, it was difficult for students and professionals to create professional documents. They had to spend a lot of time creating them. Now, they can use MS Office to create these documents in a very short amount of time.
Last words
MS Office is one of the most common office suites. It has five different components that support different operating systems, such as Windows, Mac, and Linux. It is a powerful software that can help us effectively complete daily tasks.
This application has some basic features, but it also has advanced features that help save us time, money, and energy. Professionals can use advanced features to design professional dashboards.
We can also use this application to create data demonstrations with a professional appearance. Students can use this software to complete daily tasks such as paper reports, assignments, and projects. Many people use this application for different purposes.

The number of paid subscribers to digital terrestrial television in Hungary has decreased, while the number of cable and IPTV subscribers has increased.
According to data released by regulatory agency NMHH (mainly from Spain's leading pay TV service providers), as of the end of February, 100853 households in Hungary had subscribed to the MinDigi TV digital terrestrial television pay service.
Compared to the same period last year, this data has decreased. Last year, 101914 households in Hungary subscribed to the MinDigi TV digital terrestrial television payment service.
At the same time, the number of cable and IPTV subscribers was 2317581 (2229368 in February 2016). Among them, 1488328 users (1333573 in February 2016) chose digital television services.
At the same stage, the number of direct satellite to home subscription users decreased from 895578 to 860602.
From February 2016 to February 2017, there was no significant change in the share of the pay TV market in Spain.
In terms of market share, UPC maintains a leading position in the Hungarian digital market, with a market share of 27% (26.9%), surpassing Telekom's 25.9% (25.4%) and Digi's 25.4% (24.7%).
The fourth ranked company is Invitel, with a market share of 4.8% (4.6%).

The most important step in the entire process is the third step, and there is no difficulty in obtaining the product key.
This method uses all Microsoft products (including Microsoft Office, Visio, Project, etc.) to download, install, and activate.
Protecting data starts with supporting legitimate versions. The harm of installing pirated office is clearly stated on Microsoft's official website. The following is also an example of how to download and install legitimate office from Microsoft's official website.
Step 1: Open the link: www.office. com/setup and click on 'Login'. If you do not have a Microsoft account, please click on 'Create New Account' next to it
Step 2: After entering your Microsoft account and password, click [Next]
Step 3: After successfully logging in, you need to first fill in the key you purchased (directly pasting it all will automatically fill in), then choose your country/region and your language, and click [Next]
What if I don't have a Microsoft product key?
Note: If the key you purchased is invalid or cannot be verified, you will be prompted at this step, and anyone who passes this verification step will have no problem.
Step 4: Check the agreement and click 'Next' to directly redirect to your account.
Step 5: Confirm that your key and the version you want to download are correct, and then click [Download Now]
Then the browser will automatically download an official installation program with a name of around 5M, which is setup.x86+version name+serial number (you can now close the webpage and proceed with local installation)
=======If your computer's original office has not been uninstalled or has not been restarted after uninstallation, please do not install it directly. Be sure to uninstall and restart before installing the new version, otherwise there will be errors and activation will not be possible=====
Installation method
Step 1: Find the installation program you just downloaded and double-click it to install it
Next, the program will prepare for installation, and you don't need to do anything. Wait for the installation to be completed
After completing the installation, click [Close]
Return to the computer desktop, right-click to create a new Excel, then open Excel and click on "File" - "Account" in the upper left corner, then click on "Activate Product" in the middle to enter the purchased activation key in the new window
After the installation is completed, open Excel and click [Accept]
Then select the option 'I don't want to log in or create an account'
Then enter the key you just purchased, and click on 'Activate Office' in the middle to complete the activation
Display: The product has been activated, indicating successful activation
This completes all installation and activation operations

Microsoft Office is one of the most widely used tools for word processing, bookkeeping, and more tasks. As Word, Excel, and PowerPoint become industry standards, you may need to use their software at some point. Here is the best way to download, install, and activate Microsoft Office software.
For computer professionals, downloading and installing Microsoft Office may be difficult because there are various options and methods available. This article will guide you through different processes, from purchasing a Microsoft Office 2021 license to activating it on your machine.
If you want to install the latest Office suite, you have come to the right place. Let's discuss the benefits of using Office 2021 instead of subscribing to Microsoft 365.
Office 2021 Product Key
You must also have a valid product key for the corresponding version of the Office suite.
Click on the Microsoft Office product key to obtain a valid Microsoft Office product key before continuing with the following steps.
Office Professional Plus needs to be purchased through a work or school account.
You can use Alipay or WeChat payment to purchase product keys. The product key will be sent to you via email or private message.
After meeting these prerequisites, you can now start downloading and installing the Office 2021 suite.
Download and Install Office 2021
Follow these steps to download the Microsoft Office 2021 installer and install it:
Please note that these steps will initially install Office 365, but will be upgraded to Office 2021 after providing the corresponding product key.
1. Click to open Setup.office.com and click on the 'Login' button.
If you do not have a Microsoft account, please refer to how to create a Microsoft account and register a Microsoft account before proceeding with the following steps.
Enter your Microsoft account password and continue clicking the 'Login' button to continue with the following steps.
After logging in to the Microsoft account, you will be prompted to enter the Microsoft product key. Copy and paste the Office activation key into the space, then select your region (country) and continue clicking 'Next'
Please confirm the Microsoft product and version you just entered and verify it yourself to ensure accuracy; If you don't want to receive various promotions and marketing messages from Microsoft in the future, remember to uncheck the box "I want information, tips, and discounts about Microsoft 365 and Office. Privacy Statement". Then click the "OK" button to continue with the following steps.
After completing the above steps, the webpage will automatically redirect to the "Services and Subscriptions" tab of the "Microsoft Account". Here you can see that the Office product key you just entered has been automatically redeemed for Microsoft products (including Windows, Office, Visio, Project) and automatically bound to your Microsoft account. You only need to click on "Install" on the page
In the pop-up box, select the language you want to install and select the bit width. After selection, click the 'Install' button to start downloading the installation package.
Microsoft Office automatically configures and starts downloading.
After downloading, the installation package is shown in the figure below, which is just a small installer. After opening, the Office software will automatically download and install until the installation is complete. Double click on the downloaded OfficeSetup.exe file to automatically start the installation.
The installation wizard will now run. However, you first need to download other components, which will take some time; The specific duration depends on your internet speed and computer read and write speed.
After the installation is completed, click the 'Close' button to continue with the subsequent activation steps.
Microsoft Office 2021 has been successfully installed on your computer. However, it has not been activated yet, and if you wish to use the package, it must be activated.
Activate Office 2021
The Microsoft Office 2021 software has been successfully installed. You need to log in with your Microsoft account to automatically activate Office 2021 and permanently use it for free.
First, open an Office component (Word, Excel, or PowerPoint). You will see a welcome screen. Click on 'Login or Create Account'.
Now provide your Microsoft account credentials and log in to Microsoft Office.
After logging in to the Microsoft account, as the product key for Office 2021 was bound to the Microsoft account when downloading and installing the software, the software only needs to automatically recognize the authorization after logging in to the Microsoft account, and then activate Microsoft Office 2021 automatically.
Your Microsoft Office 2021 will now be successfully activated. To confirm, navigate to the "Account" page of any Office tool and you should see "Product Activation" and its version.
Summary of downloading and installing Office 2021
Obtaining the Microsoft Office 2021 suite may be challenging for you. Therefore, we believe that our readers should know how to obtain it in a simple way.
Microsoft Office comes in multiple versions, including Home, Professional (Enhanced), and Home and Student versions. Office Professional Plus provides all available applications, including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. PC users can also use Publisher and Access, and all users can use Outlook.
Better Experience
Use classic Microsoft Office applications to achieve your goals, which have been updated for better performance and speed.
Enhanced features such as XLOOKUP, Catch Up Highlights, and Dynamic Arrays are designed to help you easily track and organize.
Build spreadsheets faster using fewer and more reliable formulas. And manage your messages, appointments, contacts, and tasks in one place.
Upgrade presentations and documents using modern visual effects from Ink Replays and content libraries.
Build an intuitive spreadsheet using updated formulas and quickly find the content you need through improved navigation and search capabilities. With AutoSave, your work won't be lost.
With @ elements and real-time collaboration, you can easily share files, receive notifications when others edit or mention you in comments, and stay updated on changes in documents.
In addition, you can also receive a free version of Microsoft Teams - an integrated application for calling, chatting, and planning (provided separately)

Definition of IPTV
What is IPTV? This is a fundamental issue.
Before the introduction of the definition of IPTV by the International Telecommunication Union, different standardization organizations and related enterprises had various interpretations of IPTV, and in China, IPTV was also translated into various forms - interactive television, online television, interactive television
At the same time, different industries, operators, and equipment manufacturers have different opinions on what IPTV can do. Although the prospects of IPTV have been described as a huge cake, how to slice the cake has become the focus of industry attention, and all parties are doing their best to seize the opportunity in this huge market.
In fact, due to unclear policies leading to unclear industrial models, behind the popularity of China's IPTV industry, more people are cautiously watching; The limitations of bandwidth and content, as well as the barriers to unified terminal standards, have led to the inability to promote IPTV on a large scale, many experiences cannot be summarized, manufacturers are at a loss, and marketing has also fallen into the awkward situation of thunder, rain, and little. Therefore, the introduction of IPTV international standards will to some extent change the awkward situation of unclear identity, uncertain standards, and feudal separatism.
In the IPTV standards published by the International Telecommunication Union, the definition of IPTV is as follows:
IPTV is a multimedia service, such as television, video, audio, text, images, data, etc., and has certain QoS/QoE, security IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP based networks managed to support the required level of QoS/QoE, security, interactivity, and reliability.
From the definition of IPTV by the International Telecommunication Union, we can see that it mainly includes the following meanings:
IPTV is a multimedia service, and services such as television, video, audio, text, image, and data are all manifestations of IPTV;
IPTV is carried on a manageable IP network and has corresponding level requirements for security, reliability, interactivity, and service quality.
IPTV is not so much a business as a service. Although it may seem like a different translation of a word, it means looking at IPTV from different perspectives, and "business" is more from within the operator, which is the business project used by the operator to earn profits; However, "service" is defined from the perspective of customers, that is, IPTV can meet the needs of different categories of customers. Therefore, the author prefers to interpret IPTV as a service to customers rather than an internal business of the operator.
Through this definition, we can find that concepts such as online television and interactive television are only a description of IPTV's image and cannot fully cover the meaning of IPTV. However, this definition still has certain positive significance for promoting IPTV and promoting its development in China.
IPTV service requirements
In the IPTV standard, the service requirements of IPTV are subdivided and listed according to service direction, function, etc. Some are required, some are recommended, and some are optional. This is actually a law that has been explored based on summarizing the development experience of IPTV around the world.
In the early stages of IPTV development, people wanted to incorporate all the functions that the Internet could provide, not only to achieve video on demand, video live streaming, online browsing, but also to achieve applications such as videophone or conference television, pursuing "large and comprehensive". However, this is not realistic, as the result often makes the devices and systems too complex and the network overwhelmed. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also necessary to classify IPTV services appropriately.
In short, IPTV is a new industry formed by the intersection of multiple traditional industries, including operators, equipment manufacturers, content providers, terminal manufacturers, and other links. The coordination and integration of the industry chain is the determining factor for its market success; The value chain of IPTV is more complex, involving multiple types of enterprises such as set-top boxes, CDNs, DRMs, middleware, audio and video codecs, etc. The complexity of the IPTV system and architecture can be seen from its standard documentation.
1、 Service requirements required
Support content of different resolutions, including high-definition (HD) and standard definition (SD) standard TV programs;
Support different display ratios, such as 4:3, 16:9, etc;
At least one method is supported to avoid sending content that cannot be displayed to IPTV terminals (such as set-top boxes);
Capable of measuring service quality for key parts and points;
Can define key services and their interfaces with other domains;
Allow two-way communication between end users and service providers;
Support addressable specific devices, such as IPTV terminals in user networks;
Allow the use of internet protocols and standards. recommend
Support content segmentation;
There is a mechanism for obtaining relevant terminal device functions;
There are corresponding functional blocks that can provide open interfaces for third-party applications to use IPTV network functions and resources;
Ensure the integrity of content and segmented data;
Support online personal video recording;
Support the display of multiple video streams;
Allow IPTV services to be sent over different networks (such as cable television networks, fiber optic networks, xDSL, wireless networks, etc.);
Allow IPTV services to run on different IPTV terminal devices (such as mobile phones, PDAs, set-top boxes, etc.);
When sent through a mobile network, the IPTV architecture should be able to dynamically adapt to changes in wireless network parameters (such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, etc.);
Support tracking and investigation of ratings and other data;
(Note: This tracking survey may allow content providers and service providers to publish audience rating services, track data of popular programs, or push specific advertisements for users with certain surfing preferences)
You can upgrade software versions and download system configuration data by connecting to the download server;
Support the use of XML encoding for application signaling;
Only specific users can be allowed to view certain content, and this authorization can be triggered by service providers or users;
The manifestation can vary depending on the usage environment;
Terminal devices should be able to explain the actual usage environment, such as service type, terminal type, transmission medium type, user interface, available service level
Optional
Support the storage and distribution of individual fragments or entire media content;
Alternative methods supporting content caching and distribution;
Can be interspersed with advertisements;
Support time shift TV function (playback of played content);
Support a description of the usage environment. Terminal device options
Support the change of display time;
Require support for at least one audio and video decoding format;
Ensure correct time synchronization control, such as being able to maintain consistency between the sound and video mouth shape no matter when the audience pauses, replays, or randomly accesses at any time;
Support the recording of data files or playback of audio and video content on the network or IPTV terminal devices;
Within the authority of the digital broadcasting network, seamless switching of encoding and decoding technology is supported, such as the ability to schedule daily switching between high-definition and standard definition content.
（1） Settlement and billing required
Support various payment methods for IPTV service fees (such as prepayment, use before payment, notification payment, third-party payment, etc.);
All IPTV services can use NGN's billing architecture for settlement and accounting functions;
IPTV needs to have a data and historical information collection mechanism for financial settlement and reporting purposes, partner settlement, and end-user reconciliation, such as subscription, purchase, and transaction records of services;
Support other billing and settlement methods related to IPTV services.
recommend
Allow service providers to integrate the settlement and billing functions of IPTV services into multiple NGN services and applications;
Settlement information can be transmitted between service providers.
1. Subscription
Support the registration function of users.
2. Pay per visit
To purchase appropriate VOD content to fulfill the licensing agreement.
3. Income system required
There is a mechanism to support PPV (Pay Per View) services;
To support On Demand services;
Consider the need to insert other content into VOD content;
Support interactive services such as educational and entertainment applications (such as games), communication services (such as email, chat, and SMS), and information services (such as stock and weather forecasting services);
Support the distribution of interactive and downloadable games;
Support the search, download, storage, and display of digital photos;
As long as there is a regulatory need, corresponding content can be sent to specific regions;
Allow service signaling to be routed based on the capacity of end users' devices or application servers;
Consider the manageability of service transmission quality across multiple domains;
Support Network Address Translation.
recommend
Support the integration of IPTV services with existing services (such as instant messaging, telephone);
Allow seamless provision and operation of IPTV services within different management domains;
If it supports the retransmission of radio programs, it is recommended to support geographical differentiation of content;
Support remote configuration and management of network and service elements;
Can receive content from different sources, such as satellites, IP private networks, etc;
There is an information exchange mechanism that can obtain profile information of users who meet certain conditions (such as ID information in digital rights management);
Support the establishment of conversation pathways that maintain relationships between users and their applications.
Optional
Content can be locked or restricted based on user profiles and usage preferences;
Can convert video content from its original storage format to a compatible format that IPTV terminal devices can display;
Allow users to become content providers in order to share their content;
Service providers can block and prevent a large amount of unsolicited content from being sent to end users;
The source of the content can be traced (if the content has caused complaints or complaints from end users).
（2） Subdivision by Role
1. Content provider
Support content providers to manage content, such as uploading, deleting, or modifying related attributes of content;
Allow content providers to collect usage information on content.
2. Service provider required
Allow service providers to operate, manage, maintain, and provide (OAMP). IPTV equipment;
Service providers can easily manage IPTV service failures, configurations, settlements, performance, and security (FCAPS);
Monitor network equipment (such as routers) and service equipment (such as IPTV terminals), and alarm in case of failure;
The service content can be integrated and displayed through IPTV devices, and can be sent through non IP or IP methods;
Allow IPTV services to be distributed through agreed third-party providers;
Electronic navigation function supporting IPTV content
Service providers can verify user information, authorize users, and charge subscribers;
Support service providers to verify the permissions of end users to purchase products, order VODs, or watch restricted programs, such as using PIN codes or login methods;
Service providers need to be able to distinguish between end users and subscribers.
recommend
If the retransmission of broadcasting services is supported, it is recommended to provide the same QoE (user experience) as the direct receiving user;
Service providers can operate various types of services;
The service provider has subscription management functions, such as opening, canceling, activating, or freezing accounts, checking user account balances, searching for detailed consumption records, correcting user information (such as account name, login name, payment method, etc.), and dividing whether it is a group user;
Service providers should ensure normal service while also preventing misuse of services;
P2P mechanism can be recommended in IPTV, but it does not exclude the use of CS (client server) mechanism.
Remote management requirements
Service providers should be able to remotely upgrade end users' devices;
Support service providers to obtain QoS (Quality of Service) information from terminal devices;
The service provider should have access to the functions of the user's IPTV terminal device (such as codecs, access restrictions, etc.);
Recommend service providers to remotely upgrade terminal devices, such as upgrading software, drivers, and updating virus libraries.
Content push requirements
Support service providers to push content to end users' IPTV terminal devices (content can be requested by users or not);
Service providers can insert additional content into users' PVR content playback.
3. Network provider
If wireless broadcast retransmission is supported, it is necessary to ensure that network providers protect the privacy of end users like broadcast networks.
4. End users
essential
Can filter out unwanted content;
Allow end users to switch between free (FTA) and pay per view (PPV) environments;
Users can choose their own settings (including audio, dialogue, subtitles, additional videos, and explanatory audio) from multiple language versions of the content;
Users can turn on or off audio, dialogue, subtitles, and additional audio and video at any time without changing the preset options;
Users can store and retrieve configuration files for their preferred settings and language settings, so that different users can switch between different configuration files.
recommend
Support subscribers to query a detailed list of usage records.
Optional
Content providers can set language options for their own content.
（3） Association with other service networks is required
IPTV terminal equipment should continuously monitor EAN (Emergency Alarm Notification) information;
To manage all IPTV subscribers, it is not ruled out to use HSS (primary user server), SLR (service level requirement), or NGN related functional components.
recommend
Support interoperability and user mobility between different IPTV networks, allowing users to access IPTV services regardless of whether they are mobile or not;
Allow network operators to comprehensively utilize their existing network capabilities;
Support service providers or network operators to integrate IPTV's subscriber management function into a subscriber management system, which can be applied to multiple NGN services, including IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) based services;
It is recommended to integrate IPTV services in an IMS based environment, which relies on the specific functions of IMS based NGN, including (but not limited to) HSS, SLR, and GUP.
Support real-time encoding and precoding of stored programs;
Support the exchange of IPTV service information between different IPTV service providers, such as sources, channels, service start and end times, and QoS information.